The sugarcane aphid (SCA) has not been found as of yet on sorghum in Kansas. There have been a few reports of the sugarcane aphid in Oklahoma and Texas. What can we expect this season? It’s impossible to know for sure at this time, but in 2016, sugarcane aphids were a significant problem on grain sorghum in Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma, and most southern states.
To prepare for the possibility of another widespread infestation, it would be advisable to begin scouting while sorghum is still in the pre-boot stage. Plants are vulnerable to infestation by SCA at any growth stage, but Kansas sorghum is most at risk from boot stage onward. The ability of sugarcane aphid to overwinter on Johnson grass and re-sprouting sorghum stubble represents challenges to the management of this pest in more southerly regions.
In 2016, the SCA overwintered as asexual females on Johnson grass rhizomes just north of Lubbock, Texas. No sexual forms or egg laying females have been observed; asexual females will survive only where some plant tissue remains green throughout the winter. Therefore, SCA cannot overwinter in Kansas and infestations are initiated annually by winged aphids carried from southern latitudes; the timing, extent and exact regions affected are difficult to predict and largely a function of wind direction during periods of aphid flight in Texas and Oklahoma.
Infestations begin when swarms of winged aphids settle in a field and begin to establish colonies. Their daughters can mature in less than a week, lack wings, and have a much higher reproductive rate than their winged mothers. Established colonies of wingless aphids quickly become large and crowded, which causes winged forms to develop, until the final generation is exclusively winged once again. Thus, the trend will be for Kansas to receive SCA only after infestations to the south mature and produce winged migrants. Growers are advised to plant sorghum as early as agronomically feasible to maximize plant growth and maturity before aphids arrive. In 2016, large flights of winged sugarcane aphid arrived in Kansas somewhat earlier than in 2015 and a larger area of the state was affected, despite cold wet spring weather in the south that delayed the aphids initially. It remains to be seen how the 2017 season will develop.
Sampling method
Once a week, walk 25 feet into the field and examine plants along 50 feet of row:
If honeydew is present, look for SCA on the underside of a leaf above the honeydew.
Inspect the underside of leaves from the upper and lower canopy from 15–20 plants per location.
Sample each side of the field as well as sites near Johnson grass and tall mutant plants.
Check at least 4 locations per field for a total 4 locations per field for a total of 60-80 plants.
If no SCA are present, or only a few wingless/winged aphids are on upper leaves, repeat this sampling method once a week thereafter.
If SCA are found on lower or mid-canopy leaves, begin twice-a-week scouting. Use the same sampling method, but be sure to include % plants with honeydew. Estimate the % of infested plants with large amounts of SCA honeydew (shiny, sticky substance on leaf surface) to help time foliar insecticides for SCA control on sorghum.