Tracking disease outbreaks, including foodborne illness, is difficult. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) to help track outbreaks nationally and by state. This system has be online about 20 years and now includes waterborne, person-to-person, animal contact, environmental contamination, as well as food outbreaks.
Here are links to more information:
Data for NORS comes from local, state and territorial public health agencies.